Solar panel | Photovoltaic module act as components that convert sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic cells. They serve as an eco-friendly and renewable energy source, reducing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a apparatus that collects sunlight to produce heat, typically used for water heating or room heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses sun rays to generate heat, which can be used for water heating, space heating, or electricity generation. It is a sustainable and sustainable technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in West Sussex County, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic and historic-influenced country in the United Kingdom known for its wealthy cultural heritage, famous sights, and vibrant urban areas like London. It boasts a diverse landscape of rolling hills, old castles, and lively city hubs that combine history with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Daylight is the organic light emitted by the star, crucial for existence on Earth as it offers energy for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electricity is a form of energy resulting from the motion of ions, primarily electrons. It fuels countless appliances and infrastructures, facilitating today’s lifestyle and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts solar radiation directly into power using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a opposite electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the one-way flow of electric charge, generally produced by cell packs, electrical sources, and solar panels. It provides a consistent voltage or current, causing it essential for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a instrument that holds chemical energy and converts it into electric power to run various digital equipment. It consists of multiple electrochemical units, each containing anode and cathode divided by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an green power solution that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and supports sustainable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a instrument that transforms direct current (DC) generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use and utility connection. It plays a crucial role in maximizing energy efficiency and providing safe, consistent energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that changes direction periodically, usually used in residential and industrial power supplies. It permits efficient transmission of electricity over great lengths and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that regulates the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from excess charging and harm. It provides optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a tool used to measure the extent, volume, or level of something accurately. It includes instruments like scales, temperature sensors, and barometers that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically its orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement throughout the day, maximizing energy absorption. This technology enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar farms are massive plants that capture sunlight to generate electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They offer a green and renewable energy resource, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves setting up photovoltaic cells on roofs of buildings to generate electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps reduce reliance on non-renewable fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-connected photovoltaic system converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an orbiting platform equipped with solar panels that absorb sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This electricity is then transmitted wirelessly to Earth for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions retain excess energy generated from green sources or the power grid for later use, improving energy independence and effectiveness. These installations typically utilize batteries to offer backup power, reduce energy expenses, and aid grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The history of solar panels chronicles the progress and advancements in solar energy technology from the early invention of the solar effect to contemporary advanced photovoltaic modules. It showcases key breakthroughs, including the invention of the first silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and ongoing advances that have greatly improved energy transformation and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French physicist noted for his innovative work in the study of the photoelectric effect and luminescence. His experiments laid the groundwork for comprehending how radiation interacts with specific substances to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a UK electrician and researcher known for discovering the photoconductivity of Se in 1873. His work formed the basis for the development of the photoconductive cell and progress in initial photography and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | Selenium is an open-source framework used for automated testing of web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and web browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of luminescence reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an United States inventor who invented the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work set the basis for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | An coal-powered power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce steam that drives turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with finding the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work paved the way for modern solar power technology and the creation of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a prestigious R&D organization long-standing associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in communications, computing, and materials research. It has been the source of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and number 14, widely known for its crucial role in the production of electronic components and solar modules. It is a solid, brittle crystal material with a blue-grey sheen, primarily used as a semi-conductor in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A compact inverter is a small unit installed on each solar module to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This approach increases system efficiency, facilitates enhanced performance monitoring, and boosts energy production in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar module is a unit that transforms sunlight straight into electricity through the solar energy process. It is commonly used in solar panels to offer a sustainable and eco-friendly energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that provides renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon is a fundamental particle that represents a packet of light and other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum and energy without having rest mass. It plays a important role in the connections between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the process by which particular compounds turn sunlight directly into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the basic concept behind photovoltaic technology, allowing the capturing of solar energy for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electronics is a slim slice of semiconductor material, typically silicon, used as the base for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the foundational platform where microprocessors are built through methods like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic devices due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its structured, systematic crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of solar power system characterized by their lightweight, bendable structure, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a reduced expense. They use strata of semiconductor substances a few micrometers thick to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the weight of construction parts and stationary equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as occupants, furnishings, and external influences. Both are important considerations in building planning to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components end-to-end, so the identical current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits join components across the identical voltage source, permitting several paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's overall resistance, current spread, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification refers to the speed at which electrical energy is conveyed by an electric circuit, primarily for running devices and appliances. Created through various sources such as fossil fuels, atomic energy, and sustainable sources, and is essential for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A watt is a unit of power in the metric system, representing the measure of energy flow or transformation. It is equal to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electric voltage difference between two points, which causes the movement of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and represents the energy per single charge available to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A volt is the base unit of electrical potential, potential difference, and voltage in the SI system. It measures the voltage per coulomb between points in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric flow is the passage of electrical charge through a conductor, typically measured in amperes. It is necessary for powering electronic devices and facilitating the operation of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp serves as the unit of electrical current in the International System of Units, symbolized as A. It measures the movement of electrical charge through a circuit over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the amount of electrical power or current demanded by devices and electrical load in a circuit. It influences the design and power of power systems to guarantee reliable and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical casing used to safely house wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a safe and trustworthy manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power offers a easy and consistent method of supplying electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is often used for charging and energizing a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power converter is a device that transforms direct current (DC) from supplies like batteries or solar panels into AC suitable for household appliances. It allows the application of regular electrical equipment in environments where only direct current electricity is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack serves as a collection of multiple individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically adjust the position of photovoltaic panels to follow the sun movement throughout the daytime, optimizing power intake. This system improves the performance of solar energy collection by keeping ideal panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to maximize the energy production of solar panel setups by continuously adjusting the operating point to correspond to the optimal power point of the solar cells. This procedure guarantees the most efficient energy extraction, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by individually optimizing the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a instrument that observes and examines the effectiveness of photovoltaic panel systems in live, providing valuable data on energy production and system status. It helps enhance solar energy generation by identifying faults early and ensuring optimal performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are lightweight, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing fine layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert sun rays directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a renewable energy source. They are frequently used in solar panels to power homes, devices, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of countless small silicon crystals, frequently used in solar modules and semiconductor manufacturing. Its production involves melting and recrystallizing silicon to generate a ultra-pure, polycrystalline form suitable for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a ultra-pure type of silicon with a uniform lattice structure, making it extremely capable for use in solar cells and electronics. Its uniform structure allows for better electron flow, resulting in superior functionality compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics are a category of thin-film solar system that provides a cost-effective and effective solution for massive solar energy production. They are recognized for their high absorption performance and comparatively low manufacturing expenses in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are thin-film photovoltaic devices that use a multi-layered material of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium to turn sunlight into power effectively. They are noted for their excellent light capturing effectiveness, flexibility, and possibility for lightweight, affordable solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a disordered molecular structure, making it more flexible and more straightforward to layer than ordered silicon. It is commonly used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic components due to its cost-effectiveness and adaptable properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic modules aim to exceed traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and new techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, lowering costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar cells are innovative photovoltaic modules that utilize various p-n connections arranged in tandem to absorb a more extensive range of the solar spectrum, substantially enhancing their efficiency. They are mostly applied in space applications and advanced solar power systems due to their superior energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels serve as crucial elements that convert sunlight into electrical energy to supply onboard instrumentation. Usually lightweight, robust, and designed to operate efficiently in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metallic component, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as laser devices, LEDs, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound semiconductor famous for its great electron mobility and performance in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV utilize lenses or mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto highly efficient multi-junction solar cells, greatly enhancing energy conversion efficiency. This technique is perfect for massive solar power plants in areas with direct sunlight, providing a affordable solution for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Thin-film silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and flexible form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and mobile energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic cell utilize a delicate coating of CIGS compound as the solar semiconductor, known for excellent energy conversion and adaptability. They offer a lightweight, economical alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with reliable operation in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film describes a very thin layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in diverse technological applications. These films are essential in electronics, light manipulation, and coverings for their unique physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a sustainable and economical energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A coating is a layer of material ranging from a few nanometers to several micrometers in dimension, often coated on surfaces for functional applications. These films are used in diverse fields, including electronics, optical technologies, and medicine, to change surface traits or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nano units are measurement units the same as one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to depict very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are precision measuring instruments used to precisely measure small distances or depths, typically in manufacturing and production. They feature a adjusted screw device that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon slice is a fine, disk-shaped section of silicon crystal used as the platform for fabricating semiconductor devices. It acts as the primary material in the manufacture of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are thin-film solar units recognized for their superior output and adaptability, making them suitable for diverse applications. They use a multilayer layered semiconductor setup that converts sunlight immediately into electrical energy with excellent effectiveness in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a form of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is known for being economical and having a comparatively high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert solar energy directly into electricity using solar panels, offering a renewable energy source for residential, industrial, and utility-scale applications. They provide a eco-friendly, long-lasting, and economical way to cut down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and lower carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that transforms sunlight into electricity using a light-reactive dye to take in light and create electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and adaptable alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for transparent and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the possibility for cost-effective, adaptable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are photovoltaic units that use carbon-based compounds, to transform solar radiation into electric power. They are easy to handle, flexible, and offer the potential for more affordable, broad solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a advantageous electronic substance used in layer solar panels due to its abundant and non-toxic elements. Its superior optical-electronic properties make it an appealing substitute for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of architectural elements, such as roof surfaces, building exteriors, and windows. This innovative approach enhances energy performance while maintaining visual attractiveness and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to pass through a material with little distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency allows light to spread through, obscuring detailed visibility but yet still permitting shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window tinting involves the process of applying a light film to the interior or exterior of cars or structures glazing to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It enhances privacy, increases energy efficiency, and adds a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of PV power stations details various massive solar energy plants around the planet, highlighting their output and locations. These stations function a vital role in renewable energy generation and worldwide efforts to lower carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are massive facilities that convert sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. They are crucial in sustainable power creation, cutting dependence on fossil fuels, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of issues such as waste, climate change, and tree clearing that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote eco-friendly methods and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from eco-friendly origins that are constantly replenished, such as the sun, air currents, and hydropower. It offers a renewable solution to fossil fuels, reducing environmental harm and promoting lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as coal, petroleum, and fossil gas, are finite resources formed over extensive periods and are exhausted when used. They are the chief energy sources for power production and mobility but pose ecological and long-term viability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various energy types such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear power, and green energy into electrical energy. This process usually takes place in power stations where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce electric current for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, toxic elements such as plumbum, mercury, Cd, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness indicates how well a photovoltaic device transforms sunlight into usable electricity. Boosting this efficiency is key for optimizing renewable energy output and reducing reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metal surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This phenomenon provided critical proof for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that light energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves subjecting products to higher-than-normal stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The expansion of solar panels has quickened rapidly over the past ten years, driven by innovations and reducing prices. This expansion is transforming the global energy landscape by boosting the percentage of renewable solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar relates to large solar power facilities built to generate electricity on a business scale, delivering power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover extensive areas and utilize solar panels or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optical element is a transparent device that refracts light to converge or diverge rays, creating images. It is frequently used in instruments like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to control light for enhanced vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an incoming light ray and the perpendicular line perpendicular to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light behaves with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a delicate film applied to optical surfaces to cut down on glare and enhance light passage. It improves the crispness and brightness of optical devices by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in a manner that that their amplitudes cancel each other out, resulting in a diminution or total eradication of the resultant wave. This phenomenon typically happens when the waveforms are not in phase by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC refers to an electric current that changes polarity, mainly utilized in power supply systems. The electrical potential changes sinusoidally as time progresses, enabling effective conveyance over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A individual inverter is a compact entity used to change direct current (DC) from a individual solar module into alternating current (AC) suitable for home applications. It enhances system performance by maximizing power output at the panel level and streamlines installation and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC power, or AC power, is electricity delivered through a network where the voltage and electric current regularly reverse polarity, enabling cost-effective transmission over extended ranges. It is generally used in residences and commercial sectors to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A direct current connector is a kind of electrical coupling used to deliver direct current (DC) power from a power source to an electronic device. It generally consists of a cylindrical plug and socket that ensure a reliable and consistent link for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a worldwide safety validation body that assesses and certifies products to ensure they adhere to particular safety requirements. It assists consumers and businesses recognize dependable and secure products through thorough review and testing procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series circuits are electrical networks in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current flow. In this arrangement, the same electric current passes through all components, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electrical circuits where elements are connected between the same voltage source, providing multiple paths for current flow. This setup allows units to operate separately, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode is a solid-state device that allows current to pass in a single direction exclusively, serving as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12-volt, intended to deliver electrical power for different devices and accessories within a vehicle. It enables users to power electronic devices or run small appliances while on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting peripheral hardware to PCs, enabling data transmission and power delivery. It backs a variety of hardware such as keypads, mice, external drives, and smartphones, with different revisions providing higher speeds and upgraded functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell transforms into generated energy. Improving this efficiency plays a key role in optimizing energy production and making solar power economical and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to research and development in green energy and energy efficiency technologies. It aims to advance breakthroughs in solar, wind, bioenergy, and additional renewable sources to enable a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic waves, ranging from radio signals to gamma radiation, each with varied lengths and energy levels. This spectrum is crucial to many technologies and natural phenomena, allowing communication, medical imaging, and insight into the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | UV light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily emitted by the solar radiation. It has a important role in including vitamin D synthesis but can also cause skin harm and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color scheme based on variations of a individual hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create balance and connexion. This layout approach emphasizes minimalism and grace by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, typically measured in watts per square meter. It is a crucial parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the intensity of sunlight hitting a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a standard unit used to measure the intensity of power or energy flow received or emitted over a defined surface, frequently in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with comprehending the spread and transfer of energy across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of various hues or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or otherwise. It is often used to describe the spread of light or signal frequencies in multiple scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a large body of air's with comparatively even thermal and humidity features, coming from from specific source zones. These air masses affect weather patterns and sky states as they pass through different zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the assessment of the energy per square kilometer received from the solar source in the form of light. It varies with solar phenomena and Earth's weather systems, affecting climate and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in solar energy refers to the collection of dirt, and impurities on the panels of solar panels, which decreases their efficiency. Regular cleaning and servicing are important to limit energy waste and ensure best performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when there is no current, spanning its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the maximum electrical current that passes through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, happens, bypassing the normal load. It creates a major safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a indicator of the maximum power capacity of a solar panel under optimal sunlight conditions. It indicates the array's peak ability to create electricity in conventional testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an electronic device used to determine the electrical potential between two points in a circuit. It is frequently utilized in different electrical and electronic fields to maintain proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a issue in solar modules where elevated voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in power output and performance. It occurs due to current leakage and ion transfer within the solar cell components, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is a semi-metal chemical element crucial for plant growth and employed in multiple industrial applications, such as glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It possesses special chemical properties that render it beneficial in creating robust, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring ideal tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a stable and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant harnesses sunlight using large arrays of photovoltaic panels to generate renewable electricity. It supplies an green energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated practice of using land for both solar power production and cultivation, maximizing space and resources. This strategy boosts crop production while simultaneously creating renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar panels able to absorb sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, enhancing overall energy production. They are typically mounted in a way that improves effectiveness by taking advantage of albedo effect and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a framework that provides shelter while creating electricity through integrated solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar array is a collection of numerous solar panels configured to produce electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in renewable energy systems to deliver environmentally friendly, renewable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a framework that offers shade and shelter from the elements for outdoor living spaces. It enhances the practicality and visual charm of a patio, making it a pleasant space for relaxation and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the measurement between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of objects in the heavens relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference heading, typically true north, to the line linking an viewer to a destination. It is commonly used in navigation, surveying, and astrophysics to specify the bearing of an celestial body relative to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential bodily injuries pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a electronic material commonly employed in thin-film solar cells due to its superior efficiency and affordability. It demonstrates excellent optical features, making it a common choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An catalog of photovoltaics companies highlights the leading manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies are key in advancing solar energy implementation and advancement across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a measure of power equal to one billion watts, used to quantify large-scale energy generation and utilization. It is generally associated with electricity stations, national grids, and major energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | The company First Solar is a worldwide leader in solar PV power solutions, focused on making thin film solar panels that deliver excellent efficiency and low-cost power output. The firm is focused on green energy development and cutting down the world's reliance on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in seamlessly linking various components of manufacturing and automation systems to enhance efficiency and trustworthiness. It concentrates on developing advanced solutions that promote seamless communication and interoperability among diverse technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a prominent China's firm specializing in manufacturing and innovating solar-powered photovoltaic goods and services. Famous for cutting-edge technology and green energy projects within renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of power equal to one billion W, often utilized to describe the potential of massively scaled electricity production or consumption. It underscores the vast energy scale involved in modern energy framework and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the effect where the production cost reduces as overall production increases, due to learning curve and efficiencies obtained over time. This concept highlights the value of learned skills in lowering costs and enhancing efficiency in manufacturing and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Solar energy turn sunlight straight into electricity using semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This method is a clean, sustainable energy source that helps cut down reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of producing solar or wind energy becomes equal to or less than the expense of purchasing power from the electric grid. Achieving grid parity means that sustainable energy sources are economically viable with fossil fuel-based coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the main electrical power supplied to residences and enterprises through a grid of power lines, delivering a dependable source of energy for various appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the country, and is transmitted through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all parts of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is vital for guaranteeing the effective and dependable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Solar energy is captured from the sun's rays using solar cells to produce electricity or through solar thermal systems to produce heat. It is a green, eco-friendly, and eco-conscious energy source that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are in residential, corporate, and industrial settings to generate renewable, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, delivering green energy solutions where conventional power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A collection of solar energy products features a selection of gadgets that utilize sunlight to produce energy, promoting environmentally friendly and sustainable living. These items include covering solar chargers and lights to appliances and outdoor gear, providing multi-purpose solutions for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An solar energy facility is a facility that converts sunlight immediately into electricity using solar modules. It is a green energy source that helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics employ optical lenses and mirrors to focus solar radiation onto high-performance solar cells, significantly boosting power output from a smaller area. This approach is highly suitable where direct, strong sunlight and provides a promising approach to reducing solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |