| Solar panel | Solar panel serve as instruments that transform sunlight to electricity using solar cells. They are an green and alternative energy source, minimizing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a device that absorbs sunlight to produce heat, usually used for water heating or room heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses solar radiation to generate warmth, which can be used for hot water production, space heating, or electricity production. It is a green and renewable technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in West Sussex County, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of beaches with soft sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | England is a historic country in the UK known for its rich cultural traditions, iconic landmarks, and lively cities like the capital. It boasts a mixed landscape of undulating terrain, ancient castles, and bustling urban centers that combine tradition with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Sunlight is the environmental illumination emitted by the star, vital for life on Earth as it offers power for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electrical power is a type of energy generated by the flow of ions, primarily negatively charged particles. It fuels countless devices and infrastructures, enabling contemporary living and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a opposite electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions affect the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | DC is the single-direction movement of electric charge, generally produced by battteries, power supplies, and solar panels. It provides a constant voltage or current, rendering it essential for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A battery is a unit that holds chemical energy and transforms it into electrical energy to power various electronic devices. It consists of several galvanic cells, each containing anode and cathode interposed by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts solar radiation immediately into power using photovoltaic panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an environmentally friendly power solution that reduces reliance on non-renewable energy sources and supports sustainable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a device that changes direct current (DC) created by solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use and grid integration. It is vital for enhancing energy performance and providing reliable, dependable power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that reverses direction cyclically, generally used in domestic and business power supplies. It allows for optimal transmission of electricity over extended spans and is characterized by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A power management device is a device that controls the voltage and electric current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from excess charging and damage. It ensures efficient energy transfer and extends the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a tool used to determine the dimension, amount, or degree of something accurately. It includes instruments like meters, climate gauges, and manometers that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a mechanism that instantaneously the orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement throughout the day, maximizing energy absorption. This technology enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Solar farms are huge facilities that capture sunlight to generate electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They supply a green and renewable energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves installing photovoltaic panels on building roofs to generate electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps cut down on reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-tied solar power system transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like burning fossil fuels and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an spacecraft equipped with solar panels that collect sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This energy is then transmitted wirelessly to Earth for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Home power storage systems save excess power generated from green sources or the grid for future use, boosting energy independence and effectiveness. These systems commonly employ batteries to provide backup energy, lower energy costs, and assist grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of solar panels tracks the progress and improvements in solar energy technology from the early discovery of the photovoltaic effect to contemporary high-efficiency solar arrays. It highlights key breakthroughs, including the development of the original silicon solar cell in 1954 and continuous developments that have greatly enhanced energy conversion and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French scientist noted for his groundbreaking work in the study of the photoelectric effect and luminescence. His experiments laid the foundation for comprehending how illumination interacts with particular materials to produce electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrical engineer and scientist known for finding out the photoconductivity of selenium in 1873. His work formed the basis for the development of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in early photographic and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free platform used for automating web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and web browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of luminescence reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was indeed an American innovator who developed the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work set the groundwork for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | An coal-burning power plant generates electricity by burning coal to produce vapor that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductors. His work laid the foundation for modern solar power technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a prestigious innovative entity historically associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in communications, computing, and materials science. It has been the source of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, well known for its crucial role in the production of electronic components and solar modules. It is a tough, brittle crystalline substance with a bluish-gray shine, predominantly employed as a semi-conductor in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a small device installed on each photovoltaic panel to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This approach enhances system efficiency, allows for improved performance monitoring, and increases energy production in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar module is a device that converts sunlight immediately into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is commonly used in solar panels to offer a green and eco-friendly energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that provides sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | A photon serves as a fundamental particle which represents a quantum of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum and energy without having rest mass. It has a key role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the mechanism by which certain materials transform sunlight straight into electricity through the creation of charge carriers. This effect is the core foundation behind solar cell technology, facilitating the capturing of solar sunlight for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electrical engineering is a thin slice of semiconductor material, usually silicon, used as the foundation for manufacturing integrated circuits. It serves as the primary platform where microchips are built through methods like doping, etching, and lamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic components due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its regular, systematic crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of solar power system characterized by their lightweight, flexible design, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a lower cost. They use strata of semiconductor substances just several micrometers in thickness to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the weight of construction parts and fixed equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as people, furniture, and external influences. Both are important considerations in structural design to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components end-to-end, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits link components across the identical voltage source, permitting multiple paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's total resistance, current spread, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electrification represents the speed at which electricity flows by an electrical network, primarily for running devices and appliances. It is generated through various sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear power, and green energy, and is essential for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A measure of power is a unit of energy conversion in the International System of Units, indicating the measure of energy movement or transformation. It is equivalent to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electronic pressure difference between two points, which pushes the stream of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and indicates the power per unit charge ready to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A voltage is the derived unit of electrical potential, voltage difference, and electromotive force in the SI system. It measures the voltage per unit charge between locations in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electric flow is the passage of electrical charge through a metal wire, commonly measured in A. It is essential for powering electronic gadgets and allowing the operation of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Ampere serves as the measure of electric current in the SI units, symbolized as A. It measures the movement of electric charge through a circuit over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the level of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and electrical load in a circuit. It determines the configuration and power of power systems to maintain reliable and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical enclosure used to securely contain wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a reliable and dependable manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power provides a convenient and consistent method of supplying electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is frequently used for charging and supplying a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A energy inverter is a device that changes DC from supplies like accumulators or photovoltaic arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for household appliances. It allows the application of regular electrical equipment in environments where only direct current electricity is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | An battery pack functions as an collection of multiple individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically regulate the position of solar modules to track the solar trajectory throughout the 24 hours, maximizing energy absorption. This technology boosts the efficiency of solar energy collection by keeping ideal panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to enhance the energy production of photovoltaic systems by continuously adjusting the operating point to align with the optimal power point of the solar cells. This procedure guarantees the most efficient power harvesting, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | A power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by separately optimizing the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A solar performance monitor is a instrument that tracks and examines the efficiency of solar power systems in instantaneous, delivering important data on power output and system status. It helps optimize solar energy output by detecting problems promptly and ensuring highest output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are lightweight, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a sustainable energy source. They are commonly used in photovoltaic modules to supply energy to homes, devices, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of countless small silicon crystal structures, commonly used in solar modules and semiconductor manufacturing. Its manufacturing process involves fusing and recrystallizing silicon to form a high-purity, polycrystalline form suitable for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a premium form of silicon with a continuous crystal framework, making it extremely capable for use in solar panels and electronic components. Its consistent formation allows for better electron flow, resulting in higher performance compared to different silicon varieties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics represent a type of thin film solar technology that presents a cost-effective and efficient alternative for massive solar energy production. They are recognized for their excellent absorption performance and comparatively low manufacturing fees in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are laminate photovoltaic devices that use a layered material of Cu, indium, gallium, and Se to turn sunlight into power efficiently. They are known for their excellent absorption efficiency, bendability, and possibility for portable, affordable solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a amorphous molecular arrangement, making it more adaptable and more straightforward to layer than crystalline silicon. It is frequently used in solar panels and electronic systems due to its cost-effectiveness and adaptable properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic modules aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and innovative techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, lowering costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar panels are cutting-edge photovoltaic modules that use various p-n junctions arranged in unison to absorb a more extensive range of the solar spectrum, substantially enhancing their efficiency. These are mainly applied in space satellites and high-efficiency solar power systems due to their excellent energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar arrays are vital components that convert sunlight into electricity to power onboard systems. Generally lightweight, long-lasting, and crafted to function effectively in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metallic element, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as lasers, LEDs, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor famous for its excellent electron mobility and effectiveness in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV employ focusing elements or reflectors to concentrate sunlight onto very efficient multi-band solar cells, greatly enhancing energy transformation efficiency. This approach is perfect for large capacity solar power plants in areas with direct sunlight, offering a economical option for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and bendable form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and mobile energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic cell utilize a delicate coating of CIGS compound as the solar semiconductor, known for superior performance and adaptability. They offer a easy-to-handle, budget-friendly alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with great output in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film describes a very thin layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in multiple technological fields. These coatings are essential in electronic devices, light manipulation, and coverings for their particular physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a renewable and economical energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A thin film is a stratum of compound covering fractions of a nanometer to a few microns in dimension, often applied to surfaces for functional purposes. These films are used in various industries, including electronics industry, light manipulation, and medicine, to alter surface properties or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nanometric units are measurement equal to one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to describe extremely small distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Measuring tools are high-precision gauges used to exactly measure tiny gaps or widths, generally in machining and fabrication. They feature a scaled screw device that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon substrate is a thin, ring-shaped segment of silicon crystal used as the foundation for constructing semiconductor devices. It acts as the primary material in the production of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are flexible photovoltaic devices known for their superior output and adaptability, ideal for diverse applications. They utilize a stratified semiconductor structure that converts sunlight directly into power with excellent efficiency in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a form of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is noted for being affordable and having a moderately high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert solar energy directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells, providing a sustainable energy source for home, commercial, and utility-scale applications. They provide a environmentally friendly, long-lasting, and cost-effective way to cut down reliance on fossil fuels and lower CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that converts sunlight into power using a light-sensitive dye to absorb light and create electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for clear and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and energy conversion through quantum size effects. This technology offers the possibility for lower-cost, adaptable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are photovoltaic units that utilize carbon-based compounds, to convert solar radiation into electricity. They are lightweight, flexible, and provide lower-cost, broad solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a potential photovoltaic substance used in layer solar cells due to its earth-abundant and non-toxic elements. Its favorable optical-electronic properties make it an attractive alternative for sustainable photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of building materials, such as roof surfaces, facades, and fenestration. This innovative approach enhances energy performance while maintaining design elegance and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to penetrate a material with minimal distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency permits light to scatter through, making detailed visibility obscured but still allowing shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Window tinting involves applying a thin film to the inside or outside of vehicle or building windows to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It enhances privacy, improves energy efficiency, and provides a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of solar power stations details various massive solar energy facilities around the planet, demonstrating their capacities and locations. These facilities function a vital role in sustainable energy production and global efforts to reduce carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are large-scale installations that transform sunlight straight into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They are crucial in clean energy production, reducing reliance on coal and oil, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of issues such as pollution, climatic shifts, and tree clearing that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote sustainable practices and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from environmentally friendly sources that are renewably replenished, such as solar radiation, wind, and hydropower. It offers a sustainable option to fossil fuels, minimizing ecological footprint and supporting long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as lignite, crude oil, and methane, are finite resources formed over geological eras and are depleted when used. They are the main fuels for electricity generation and vehicle operation but pose ecological and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various energy sources such as fossil fuels, atomic energy, and renewable resources into electricity. This process usually takes place in power stations where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce electric current for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, harmful elements such as lead, Hg, metallic cadmium, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness indicates how efficiently a solar cell transforms sunlight into convertible energy. Enhancing this Solar-cell efficiency is crucial for maximizing renewable energy output and cutting reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when light shining on a metallic surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This phenomenon provided critical proof for the development of quantum theory by showing that light energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves exposing products to elevated stresses to rapidly assess their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar energy systems has accelerated rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by technological progress and cost reductions. This expansion is transforming the international energy scene by increasing the percentage of sustainable solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power plants built to generate electricity on a commercial scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover extensive areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A optic is a clear device that bends light to bring together or diverge rays, creating images. It is often used in devices like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the measure between an approaching light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light interacts with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a thin layer applied to vision surfaces to cut down on glare and enhance light passage. It improves the clarity and illumination of lenses by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when two waves meet in such a way that their amplitude levels counteract each other, causing a diminution or complete elimination of the resultant wave. This occurrence usually happens when the waves are phase-shifted by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to an electric current that changes polarity, mainly utilized in electrical distribution networks. The electrical potential changes sinusoidally throughout its cycle, allowing efficient transmission over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A individual inverter is a tiny entity used to convert direct current (DC) from a single solar panel into AC suitable for domestic use. It improves system efficiency by maximizing power output at the panel level and simplifies setup and maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | AC power, or AC electrical energy, is electrical power delivered through a setup where the voltage and current cyclically reverse polarity, enabling optimized transmission over vast spans. It is commonly used in households and commercial sectors to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A DC plug is a category of electrical plug used to provide DC power from a power source to an electronic device. It usually consists of a tube-shaped plug and socket that guarantee a reliable and trustworthy connection for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a global protection certification organization that assesses and certifies products to guarantee they meet particular protection requirements. It assists consumers and businesses find reliable and protected products through thorough assessment and analysis procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electronic circuits in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current. In this arrangement, the same electric current passes through all elements, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where components are connected between the same voltage source, giving multiple channels for current flow. This arrangement allows units to operate autonomously, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | A diode is a semiconductor device that permits current to pass in a single way only, serving as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in circuit systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12-volt, designed to deliver electrical energy for various devices and add-ons inside of a automobile. It permits users to power electronic electronics or use small appliances when on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting hardware to computers, facilitating information exchange and electric power. It supports a variety of devices such as keyboards, mouses, external storage devices, and smartphones, with multiple generations providing increased speeds and upgraded functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into usable energy. Enhancing this efficiency is essential to increasing energy generation and making solar power affordable and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. DOE federal research facility dedicated to research and development in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It focuses on innovations in solar power, wind power, biomass energy, and additional renewable sources to enable a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic radiation, spanning from wireless signals to high-energy photons, featuring different wavelengths and power. This range is essential for a wide array of devices and natural events, enabling signal transmission, healthcare imaging, and insight into the outer space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a type of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X ray radiation, primarily generated by the solar radiation. It plays a important role in including vitamin D production but can also lead to skin harm and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color scheme based on shades of a single hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and connexion. This layout approach emphasizes simplicity and elegance by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, usually measured in watts/m². It is a crucial parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the strength of sunlight hitting a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | W/m2 is a standard unit used to measure the strength of power or energy flow received or emitted over a defined area, often in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in understanding the distribution and transfer of radiation across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of diverse hues or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is commonly used to describe the distribution of light or signal frequencies in multiple scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An airmass is a large body of air's with comparatively consistent thermal and moisture properties, deriving from from specific source zones. These airmass impact weather systems and atmospheric conditions as they travel over different regions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the assessment of the intensity per square meter received from the Sun in the manner of light. It changes with solar activity and Earth's weather systems, impacting weather patterns and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in solar energy refers to the buildup of debris, and other particles on the exterior of solar arrays, which reduces their efficiency. Consistent upkeep and care are important to limit energy loss and ensure optimal operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage available from a power source when no current is flowing, measured across its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the highest electrical current that flows through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, happens, skipping the normal load. It presents a major safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a measure of the maximum power capacity of a solar panel under perfect sunlight conditions. It reflects the panel's peak potential to create electricity in conventional testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an measuring tool used to check the potential difference between two locations in a electrical system. It is widely employed in different electrical and electronic fields to verify proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in photovoltaic modules where high voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in energy production and performance. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion movement within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron is considered a semi metallic chemical element necessary for plant growth and employed in different industrial uses, such as glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It exhibits distinctive chemical properties that cause it valuable in manufacturing robust, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring perfect tilt and alignment for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a robust and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A solar-powered power plant captures sunlight using extensive groups of photovoltaic panels to generate renewable electricity. It supplies an environmentally friendly energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated method of utilizing land for both solar power production and agriculture, making the most of space and resources. This approach enhances crop production while at the same time creating renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are photovoltaic devices able to absorb sunlight using both surfaces, boosting overall energy production. They are typically mounted in a way that improves effectiveness by leveraging albedo reflection and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a framework that provides shelter while creating electricity through integrated solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel system is a collection of multiple photovoltaic modules arranged to create electricity from sunlight. It is often used in green energy setups to deliver clean, renewable power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio shield is a construction that delivers shade and cover from the conditions for al fresco areas. It improves the usability and visual charm of a terrace, making it a comfortable area for relaxation and gatherings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of bodies in the heavens relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a azimuth measured clockwise a reference direction, usually true north, to the line connecting an surveyor to a destination. It is commonly used in wayfinding, surveying, and celestial observation to specify the orientation of an target relative to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential musculoskeletal injuries pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a semiconductor substance commonly employed in thin film solar cells due to its excellent performance and affordability. It exhibits outstanding optical features, making it a popular option for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | A list of photovoltaics companies showcases the leading manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies are essential in promoting solar energy implementation and innovation across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A GW is a measure of electricity equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, used to assess big electricity production and usage. It is typically associated with generating stations, national grids, and large-scale energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar is a international leader in solar PV energy solutions, specializing in manufacturing thin film-based solar panels that offer excellent efficiency and economical power output. The organization is dedicated to eco-friendly renewable energy advancement and cutting down the global dependence on fossil fuels through advanced solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in effortlessly integrating various parts of factory and automation systems to enhance efficiency and dependability. It concentrates on creating cutting-edge solutions that facilitate efficient communication and interoperability among diverse technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a prominent Chinese-based firm expert in producing and developing solar-powered solar goods and services. It is known for its advanced technology and sustainable energy initiatives in the renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of power equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, often utilized to indicate the potential of large-scale electricity production or consumption. It emphasizes the huge energy extent involved in current power framework and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the concept where the production cost decreases as overall production increases, due to gaining knowledge and optimization obtained over time. This effect highlights the value of stored knowledge in reducing costs and enhancing efficiency in manufacturing and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems convert sunlight immediately into electricity through semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This technology is a pure, renewable energy source that assists cut down reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of producing solar or wind energy is equal to or less than the cost of buying power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity signifies that sustainable energy technologies are economically viable with conventional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity serves as the primary electrical power supplied to homes and companies through a grid of power lines, delivering a reliable source of energy for various appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the region, and is transmitted through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all parts of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is vital for ensuring the effective and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | The sun's power is harnessed from the sun's rays using solar cells to produce electricity or through solar thermal systems to produce heat. It represents a renewable, eco-friendly, and environmentally friendly power supply that decreases dependence on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in home, commercial, and industrial environments to create renewable, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, delivering green energy solutions where conventional power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A collection of sun-powered goods features a variety of gadgets that utilize sunlight to convert energy, supporting environmentally friendly and renewable living. These products include covering solar power banks and lights to appliances and outdoor tools, providing flexible alternatives for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | A photovoltaic power station is a facility that generates sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. It is a green energy source that supports lowering reliance on non-renewable energy and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV employ lenses and reflectors to focus solar radiation onto advanced photovoltaic cells, considerably boosting power output from a compact footprint. This technology is particularly effective where bright, direct sunlight plus, it offers a promising approach to lowering the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
