Solar panel | Photovoltaic module act as devices that transform sunlight to electricity using solar cells. They are an eco-friendly and alternative energy source, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a apparatus that collects sunlight to generate heat, usually used for water heating or room heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses sunlight to generate thermal energy, which can be used for water heating, space warming, or power generation. It is a renewable and eco-friendly technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic country in the UK known for its rich cultural traditions, iconic landmarks, and lively cities like the capital. It boasts a diverse scenery of gentle slopes, ancient castles, and busy metropolitan areas that combine heritage with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Sunlight is the environmental radiance emitted by the star, vital for living organisms on Earth as it supplies energy for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a type of power due to the flow of ions, primarily negatively charged particles. It powers countless appliances and networks, enabling today’s lifestyle and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a renewable power source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a opposite electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the unidirectional stream of electric charge, usually produced by battteries, electrical sources, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, rendering it essential for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a instrument that stores chemical energy and changes it into current to operate various digital equipment. It comprises several electrochemical units, each containing positive and negative electrodes interposed by an electrolyte. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An photovoltaic system converts sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is an eco-friendly energy solution that reduces reliance on non-renewable energy sources and supports sustainable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a unit that changes direct current (DC) produced by solar panels into alternating current (AC) appropriate for domestic use and grid connection. It is vital for enhancing energy performance and guaranteeing reliable, reliable electricity delivery from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that reverses direction regularly, generally used in residential and industrial power supplies. It permits optimal transmission of electricity over extended spans and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that manages the voltage level and electric current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and harm. It provides efficient energy transfer and prolongs the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a device used to determine the extent, volume, or intensity of something accurately. It includes instruments like scales, thermometers, and manometers that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement throughout the day, maximizing energy absorption. This innovation enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar power plants are large-scale facilities that utilize sunlight to generate electricity using numerous solar panels. They supply a renewable and sustainable energy source, decreasing reliance on carbon-based fuels and lowering pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Rooftop solar power involves placing photovoltaic cells on building roofs to generate electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-connected photovoltaic system converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, methane, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like fossil fuel combustion and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an orbiting platform equipped with solar arrays that absorb sunlight and generate power. This energy is then transmitted wirelessly to the planet's surface for utilization as a sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems store excess electricity generated from renewable sources or the power grid for future use, improving energy independence and effectiveness. These solutions generally use batteries to deliver backup energy, reduce energy costs, and assist grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of solar cells tracks the development and advancements in photovoltaic technology from the beginning discovery of the solar effect to current high-performance photovoltaic modules. It showcases significant breakthroughs, including the invention of the first silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and ongoing innovations that have significantly boosted energy conversion and cost-effectiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a Gallic physicist by profession famous for his groundbreaking work in the study of the solar effect and glow. His research laid the groundwork for grasping how radiation interacts with certain media to produce electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrician and researcher known for discovering the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His work formed the basis for the creation of the photoconductive cell and advancements in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free platform used for automating web browsers, allowing testers to mimic user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and web browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of light reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an United States inventor who invented the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work laid the basis for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-fired power plant generates electricity by burning coal to produce vapor that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with finding the solar cell and enhancing the understanding of semiconductors. His work formed the basis of modern photovoltaic technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a renowned R&D organization historically associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in telecommunications, computing, and materials research. It has been the birthplace of many groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and number 14, widely known for its crucial role in the fabrication of electronic components and solar panels. It is a tough, breakable crystalline substance with a blue-grey metallic luster, mainly utilized as a electronic component in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a small component installed on each photovoltaic panel to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This technology enhances system efficiency, allows for enhanced performance monitoring, and improves power output in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar module is a unit that converts sunlight immediately into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is commonly used in photovoltaic systems to provide a sustainable and renewable energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that offers sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon acts as a fundamental particle which represents a unit of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum and energy without having rest mass. It serves a crucial role in the connections between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the mechanism by which specific substances convert sunlight straight into electricity through the creation of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the basic principle behind solar cell technology, allowing the utilization of solar energy for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electrical engineering is a thin slice of semiconductor material, usually silicon, used as the substrate for creating integrated circuits. It serves as the main platform where microchips are built through methods like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic devices due to its superb semiconductor properties. Its regular, orderly crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their lightweight, pliable configuration, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a lower cost. They use thin semiconductor layers a few micrometers thick to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the weight of construction parts and permanent equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as users, furnishings, and environmental factors. Both are important considerations in structural design to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components in a line, so the identical current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits link components between the same voltage source, permitting various paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's total resistance, current distribution, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electric power refers to the rate at which electricity is transferred by an electrical network, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. Produced through multiple sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear power, and sustainable sources, and fundamental for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A watt is a unit of power in the metric system, showing the rate of energy flow or transformation. It is the same as one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electrical potential difference between two points, which pushes the movement of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and shows the work per individual charge accessible to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A volt is the standard unit of electrical potential, voltage difference, and voltage in the metric system. It measures the potential energy per coulomb between points in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric flow is the movement of electricity through a conductor wire, usually measured in A. It is necessary for energizing electronic equipment and allowing the working of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp represents the measure of electric current in the International System of Units, symbolized as A. It quantifies the flow of electrical charge through a wire over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the level of electrical power or current demanded by devices and Electrical load in a circuit. It determines the design and power of power systems to maintain secure and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction box is an electrical casing used to safely house wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a reliable and dependable manner. It features a snap-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power delivers a simple and consistent method of delivering electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is frequently used for recharging and energizing a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a instrument that changes DC from supplies like accumulators or solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic gadgets. It permits the application of common electrical appliances in settings where only DC energy is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack functions as an collection of numerous individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically align the angle of solar panels to follow the sun’s path throughout the 24 hours, enhancing energy absorption. This system increases the performance of photovoltaic energy harvesting by ensuring ideal solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to maximize the energy production of photovoltaic systems by regularly modifying the operating point to correspond to the maximum power point of the solar panels. This process provides the most efficient energy harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by separately enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a tool that monitors and evaluates the performance of solar power systems in live, delivering valuable data on energy production and system status. It helps optimize solar power output by spotting problems early and securing optimal efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are lightweight, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Solar cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a renewable energy source. They are typically used in solar arrays to power homes, devices, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of countless minute silicon crystal structures, commonly used in solar panels and microchip production. Its production involves liquefying and restructuring silicon to form a pure, polycrystalline structure fit for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a ultra-pure type of silicon with a continuous crystal framework, making it very effective for use in solar panels and electronics. Its consistent structure allows for improved electron flow, resulting in better functionality compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics constitute a kind of thin-film solar method that provides a economical and effective solution for massive solar energy production. They are known as their excellent absorption efficiency and comparatively low manufacturing expenses compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are flexible solar devices that employ a multi-layered compound of copper, In, gallium, and Se to transform sunlight into energy efficiently. They are noted for their excellent light capturing performance, bendability, and possibility for portable, economical solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a disordered molecular arrangement, making it more adaptable and simpler to apply than crystalline silicon. It is frequently used in thin-film solar cells and electronic components due to its cost-effectiveness and versatile features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic modules aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and new techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, cutting costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar panels are innovative photovoltaic devices that use several p-n junctions layered in unison to capture a wider range of the solar spectrum, significantly increasing their efficiency. These are mainly employed in space applications and high-efficiency solar power systems due to their excellent energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are vital components that convert solar radiation into electricity to operate onboard equipment. They are typically lightweight, durable, and designed to operate efficiently in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of several elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metallic component, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer better performance in applications such as laser devices, LEDs, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound-based semiconductor famous for its excellent electron mobility and efficiency in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV use focusing elements or reflectors to concentrate sunlight onto very efficient multi-layer solar cells, greatly enhancing energy conversion efficiency. This technology is ideal for large-scale solar power plants in regions with direct sunlight, providing a economical solution for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and flexible form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and mobile energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a delicate coating of CuInGaSe2 as the solar semiconductor, known for superior performance and bendability. They offer a portable, cost-effective alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with great output in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film is a term for a slender layer of material, often measured in nanometers or μm, used in diverse technological applications. These layers are vital in electronics, optical systems, and films for their unique physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a sustainable and cost-effective energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A thin film is a layer of compound ranging from a few nanometers to multiple micrometers in dimension, often placed on surfaces for functional applications. These films are used in multiple sectors, including electronics, optics, and medical applications, to change surface traits or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometers are units of measurement equal to one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to depict minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are high-precision devices used to exactly measure small distances or widths, typically in machining and production. They feature a calibrated screw system that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a fine, disk-shaped slice of silicon crystal used as the substrate for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It acts as the primary material in the production of ICs and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are compact solar units recognized for their superior output and flexibility, perfect for multiple fields. They use a stratified semiconductor architecture that turns sunlight directly into power with excellent efficiency in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is recognized for being affordable and having a moderately high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert solar energy directly into power using PV cells, providing a sustainable energy source for household, business, and large-scale applications. They provide a environmentally friendly, renewable, and economical way to decrease reliance on fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that transforms sunlight into power using a light-reactive dye to capture light and generate electron flow. It offers a affordable and adaptable alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with potential for transparent and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and conversion efficiency through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the potential for lower-cost, adaptable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are photovoltaic units that use carbon-based compounds, to turn sunlight into electricity. They are easy to handle, pliable, and enable cost-effective, broad solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS (Copper is a advantageous electronic material used in layer solar modules due to its abundant and harmless elements. Its favorable photo-electronic properties make it an appealing option for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of architectural elements, such as roofing, outer walls, and glazing. This innovative approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining design elegance and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to penetrate a material with little distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency allows light to diffuse through, making detailed visibility obscured but still allowing shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window film installation involves applying a transparent film to the inside or outside of automobiles or edifices panes to reduce glare, heat, and UV radiation. It boosts privacy, enhances energy efficiency, and gives a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of PV power stations overview various massive solar energy facilities around the planet, showcasing their output and locations. These plants function a important role in sustainable energy production and international efforts to reduce carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are large-scale systems that convert sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. They are crucial in sustainable power creation, lessening dependence on fossil fuels, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of challenges such as pollution, climate change, and tree clearing that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote sustainable practices and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from natural sources that are renewably sourced, such as the sun, wind, and hydropower. It offers a sustainable solution to fossil fuels, reducing environmental impact and promoting lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as bituminous coal, crude oil, and fossil gas, are non-replenishable supplies formed over millions of years and are consumed when used. They are the chief fuels for power production and transportation but pose environmental and long-term viability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various power sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear power, and green energy into electrical energy. This process usually takes place in electricity plants where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce power for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, poisonous elements such as lead, quicksilver, Cd, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance measures how effectively a photovoltaic device transforms sunlight into usable power. Enhancing this efficiency is essential for increasing renewable energy production and cutting reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when radiation shining on a metal ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This occurrence provided critical proof for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves placing products to increased stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of photovoltaics has accelerated rapidly over the past decade, driven by innovations and cost reductions. This development is revolutionizing the global energy landscape by raising the percentage of renewable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power installations intended to generate electricity on a commercial scale, providing power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover large areas and utilize solar panels or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optic is a see-through instrument that bending light to bring together or separate rays, forming images. It is often used in equipment like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the measure between an incoming light ray and the perpendicular line perpendicular to the surface at the contact point. It determines how light behaves with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a thin layer applied to optical surfaces to cut down on glare and improve light transmission. It improves the clarity and brightness of screens by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when two waves meet in a manner that that their amplitude levels counteract each other, causing a decrease or complete elimination of the resultant waveform. This event generally happens when these waves are not in phase by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC is an electric current that alternates direction, commonly employed in power supply systems. Its voltage varies following a sine wave over time, enabling efficient transmission over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A compact inverter is a small device used to convert DC from a single solar module into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic use. It boosts system efficiency by optimizing power output at the module level and simplifies installation and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC electrical energy, or AC electrical energy, is electrical power delivered through a network where the voltage and current periodically reverse orientation, enabling efficient transmission over long distances. It is commonly used in residences and commercial sectors to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC plug is a type of electrical plug used to provide DC energy from a power supply to an electronic equipment. It typically consists of a round plug and receptacle that provide a reliable and trustworthy attachment for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a global safety validation organization that evaluates and endorses products to ensure they adhere to particular protection norms. It helps consumers and firms find dependable and secure products through rigorous assessment and analysis procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series circuits are electrical networks in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current. In this setup, the same current passes through all elements, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where components are connected across the same voltage source, providing multiple paths for current flow. This arrangement allows units to operate autonomously, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | A diode serves as a semiconductor device that permits current to pass in one sense only, functioning as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12 volt, intended to deliver electrical energy for different devices and accessories inside of a vehicle. It allows users to recharge electronic devices or use small electronics during on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting hardware to PCs, enabling data transfer and electric power. It backs a broad spectrum of hardware such as input devices, mouses, external drives, and mobile phones, with different revisions delivering higher speeds and improved features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into electrical energy. Enhancing this efficiency is essential to optimizing energy generation and making solar power more cost-effective and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to R&D in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It aims to advance breakthroughs in solar, wind, bioenergy, and additional renewable sources to promote a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses every kind of electromagnetic waves, spanning from radio waves to high-energy photons, featuring varied lengths and energy levels. This range is essential for many technologies and natural events, allowing communication, diagnostic imaging, and understanding of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily generated by the solar radiation. It has a important role in including vitamin D production but can also lead to skin damage and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color palette based on alterations of a individual hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create balance and accord. This design approach emphasizes clarity and grace by maintaining steady color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the intensity of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, usually measured in watts per square meter. It is a crucial parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the strength of sunlight hitting a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a measurement unit used to quantify the magnitude of radiation or energy flow received or emitted over a particular area, commonly in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in comprehending the spread and transfer of radiation across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of different tones or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is frequently used to describe the distribution of light or signal bandwidths in various scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An air mass is a substantial mass of air's with fairly consistent thermal and humidity properties, originating from particular starting regions. These airmass affect weather systems and air states as they pass through diverse zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar power is the assessment of the energy per square meter received from the solar source in the form of solar rays. It changes with solar cycles and atmospheric factors on Earth, influencing climate and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in solar power refers to the collection of dust, and impurities on the panels of solar panels, which decreases their output. Consistent upkeep and servicing are important to minimize energy loss and maintain maximum operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when current flow is absent, taken across its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the peak electrical current that passes through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, happens, going around the normal load. It poses a significant safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a measure of the peak power capacity of a solar module under optimal sunlight conditions. It reflects the panel's peak capacity to create electricity in conventional testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an measuring tool used to determine the electrical potential between two locations in a electronic circuit. It is frequently utilized in various electrical and electronic applications to maintain proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a issue in photovoltaic modules where high voltage stress causes a notable reduction in energy production and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion movement within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is considered a metalloid chemical element crucial for plant growth and applied in different industrial uses, including glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It possesses special chemical properties that make it beneficial in creating long-lasting, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring ideal tilt and alignment for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a stable and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant collects sunlight using large collections of photovoltaic solar panels to generate renewable electricity. It provides an environmentally friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined approach of using land for both solar power production and cultivation, making the most of space and resources. This approach boosts crop production while at the same time creating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are photovoltaic devices capable of capturing sunlight using both surfaces, enhancing overall energy generation. They are typically mounted in a way that allows for increased efficiency by taking advantage of albedo mirroring and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a installation that provides shelter while creating electricity through embedded solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel setup is a assembly of several solar panels configured to produce electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in sustainable power systems to deliver environmentally friendly, eco-friendly power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio cover is a framework that provides shade and protection from the conditions for al fresco areas. It boosts the usability and visual charm of a terrace, making it a comfortable space for relaxation and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the measurement between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of celestial entities in the sky relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference direction, typically true north, to the line connecting an viewer to a target object. It is frequently used in wayfinding, land measurement, and astronomy to specify the direction of an celestial body relative to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential muscle strains pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a electronic substance widely used in thin-film solar cells due to its high efficiency and cost efficiency. It exhibits outstanding optical characteristics, making it a preferred option for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An list of photovoltaics companies highlights the top manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies play a crucial role in driving solar energy implementation and advancement across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a quantity of electricity equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, used to measure big energy generation and utilization. It is commonly associated with power plants, power grids, and significant energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar Inc is a worldwide leader in solar energy solutions, expert in manufacturing thin film solar modules that provide high-performance and affordable energy production. The company is dedicated to eco-friendly renewable energy advancement and decreasing the world dependency on fossil fuels through advanced solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in smoothly integrating various elements of industrial and automated systems to improve productivity and reliability. It concentrates on building advanced solutions that facilitate seamless communication and cooperation among various tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a prominent Chinese firm specializing in producing and developing solar solar items and systems. It is known for state-of-the-art tech and green energy projects within renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of energy equal to one billion W, often used to represent the capacity of massively scaled power production or consumption. It highlights the vast energy extent involved in contemporary power infrastructure and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Knowledge curve effects refer to the effect where the production cost drops as overall production increases, due to learning and efficiencies obtained over time. This effect highlights the value of accumulated experience in lowering costs and improving productivity in industrial processes and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics transform sunlight straight into electricity through semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This technology is a environmentally friendly, renewable energy source that helps cut down reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of generating solar or wind energy becomes equivalent to or lower than the expense of buying power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity signifies that green energy sources are cost-effectively viable with fossil fuel-based coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the primary electrical power supplied to homes and enterprises through a system of power lines, providing a consistent source of energy for various appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the nation, and is transmitted through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all parts of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is crucial for securing the effective and dependable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Sunlight is captured from the sun's rays using PV panels to produce electricity or through thermal solar systems to produce heat. It is a sustainable, eco-friendly, and eco-conscious power supply that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in residential, business, and industrial environments to create green, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, providing sustainable energy solutions where conventional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of sun-powered products features a range of tools that utilize sunlight to generate energy, promoting eco-friendly and eco-conscious living. These solutions include covering solar energy units and lights to household devices and outdoor tools, delivering flexible solutions for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A photovoltaic power station is a installation that converts sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a green energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics use optical lenses plus reflectors focusing sunlight onto high-performance photovoltaic cells, greatly increasing power output from a compact footprint. This method is highly suitable where direct, strong sunlight plus, it offers a promising approach to reducing expenses related to solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |